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account_circle Toanph date_range 15/06/2017

Singleton

THIS IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ANTI-PATTERN! FOR BETTER TESTABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY USE DEPENDENCY INJECTION!

Purpose#

To have only one instance of this object in the application that will handle all calls.

Examples#

  • DB Connector
  • Logger (may also be a Multiton if there are many log files for several purposes)
  • Lock file for the application (there is only one in the filesystem ...)

UML Diagram#

not found

Code#

Singleton.php#

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<?php

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Singleton;

final class Singleton
{
    /**
     * @var Singleton
     */
    private static $instance;

    /**
     * gets the instance via lazy initialization (created on first usage)
     */
    public static function getInstance(): Singleton
    {
        if (null === static::$instance) {
            static::$instance = new static();
        }

        return static::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * is not allowed to call from outside to prevent from creating multiple instances,
     * to use the singleton, you have to obtain the instance from Singleton::getInstance() instead
     */
    private function __construct()
    {
    }

    /**
     * prevent the instance from being cloned (which would create a second instance of it)
     */
    private function __clone()
    {
    }

    /**
     * prevent from being unserialized (which would create a second instance of it)
     */
    private function __wakeup()
    {
    }
}

Test#

Tests/SingletonTest.php#

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<?php

namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Singleton\Tests;

use DesignPatterns\Creational\Singleton\Singleton;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class SingletonTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testUniqueness()
    {
        $firstCall = Singleton::getInstance();
        $secondCall = Singleton::getInstance();

        $this->assertInstanceOf(Singleton::class, $firstCall);
        $this->assertSame($firstCall, $secondCall);
    }
}